Nothing on the rig measures speed

1 month ago

The camera that took this photograph sees a single vertical line at a time. Philo, a photographer, pointed that camera out of the window of a ferry and let the boat draw the rest.

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  1. 0:00One photograph, 56,894 pixels wide
  2. 0:10The scanner holds still and the railway does the moving
  3. 0:23The width of this picture is time
  4. 0:38Nothing on the rig measures speed
  5. 1:14Parallax means one scale cannot fit the whole frame
  6. 1:32The hull lettering is sharp inside the 56,894-pixel photograph
  7. 1:42Six finished pictures, and the speed problem is still open
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One photograph, 56,894 pixels wide

A line-scan camera: the whole sensor is a single column of pixels.
project philo.gay
56,894 × 2,048 px · San Francisco to Oakland ferry · February 2026

The camera that took this photograph sees a single vertical line at a time. Philo, a photographer, pointed that camera out of the window of a ferry and let the boat draw the rest.

The scanner holds still and the railway does the moving

The scanner holds still and the railway does the moving.

Every line the camera reads is stacked beside the last.
3D-printed case · 28 mm lens · boards taped on
2,048 pixels tall · one line at a time · up to 18,700 lines a second (sensor maximum)
philo.gay

A flatbed scanner slides a line of sensors under a still page. Philo holds the sensors still against a train window. The train sweeps the world past them. The camera is built to watch conveyor belts.

The width of this picture is time

The width of this picture is time.

A phone on an office chair, pushed by hand, months before the rig.
every column doubled · less squished, still uneven
first prototype · the leftmost column of each video frame, stacked
philo.gay

Each line the camera takes is a separate instant. Speed up, and the world gets squeezed. Philo's first test was a phone on an office chair, pushed by hand. The sofa is recognisable. The wall art buckles and ripples.

Nothing on the rig measures speed

Nothing on the rig measures speed.

An accelerometer reports how fast the speed is changing.
one capture · the camera waved by hand out of a window
raw · 19,713 px wide
motion data applied · 5,822 px wide
about 4,000 lines a second in these captures · one speed value shared by every few lines
philo.gay

To undo the stretching, Philo needs the speed at every instant. There is no speedometer on board. The rig carries a chip that senses how hard the camera is being sped up or slowed down. Add those changes up from the start and you get speed. Both frames are one wave of the camera out of a window. With the chip's numbers applied, the buildings stand up again. At a station she can call the start zero. Anywhere else she guesses, and every error stays in the total. On an early ride Philo taped a phone to a subway seat. The numbers said the train finished the trip going backwards.

Parallax means one scale cannot fit the whole frame

Parallax means one scale cannot fit the whole frame.

The same capture at two settings for how much ground each pixel covers.
u = 100
u = 5,000
the units are arbitrary and do not measure real distance
philo.gay

A perfect speed measurement still leaves parallax. Close things sweep past the window faster than distant ones. So Philo sets how much ground each pixel covers by hand, stretch by stretch. Low values bring the railing forward. High values bring in the far bank.

The hull lettering is sharp inside the 56,894-pixel photograph

The hull lettering is sharp inside the 56,894-pixel photograph.

The same picture as the opening, at the camera’s own pixels.
the whole photograph · 56,894 × 2,048 px
6 finished pictures · the longest 110,054 × 2,048 px · the ones past the 65,535-pixel JPEG limit are kept as TIFFs
philo.gay

This is the ferry picture again, magnified to the camera's own pixels. On the office chair the wall art rippled. On the ferry the lettering on a ship's hull holds.

Six finished pictures, and the speed problem is still open

Six finished pictures, and the speed problem is still open.
write-up · philo.gay postprocessor: grindstone · MIT
Prior art cited by the author: 1990s digital scanning backs and four earlier moving-camera photography projects

A photograph usually gets its width from the lens. This one gets it from the vehicle. The motion data behind that width is on Philo's own list to fix next.